Ignition Transformer
The "spark" of combustion. Ignition transformers step up standard mains voltage to high voltage (8kV-14kV) to create a powerful electric arc that ignites the fuel-air mixture.
How It Works
An ignition transformer takes line voltage (120V or 230V) and steps it up to a high voltage, typically between 8,000V and 14,000V. This high voltage is delivered to the ignition electrodes (spark plugs) inside the burner head.
The potential difference creates an electrical arc across the electrode gap. This arc generates intense heat, sufficient to vaporize and ignite atomized oil or gas, initiating the combustion process.
Types of Transformers
Inductive (Traditional)
Uses copper windings and an iron core. Generates output at mains frequency (50/60Hz).
- Very robust and durable
- Heavy and bulky
- Lower spark intensity compared to electronic
Electronic
Uses solid-state electronics to generate high frequency output (approx. 20kHz).
- Compact and lightweight
- Higher spark energy (hotter spark)
- More sensitive to heat and voltage spikes
Duty Cycle (ED)
The Duty Cycle (ED) indicates how long the transformer can operate continuously within a specific time frame without overheating.
Common Issues
Weak Spark
Caused by aging components or low input voltage. May fail to ignite fuel, leading to lockout.
Grounding / Shorting
High voltage cables with cracked insulation can arc to the burner chassis instead of the electrodes.
Electrode Gap
Incorrect gap (too wide or too narrow) prevents proper arc formation. Check manufacturer specs (typ. 3-5mm).
Leading Manufacturers
- DanfossEBI series (Electronic)
- FidaCompact electronic units
- CofiTraditional & electronic
- BrahmaTC/TD series
- AllansonNorth American standard
Related Components
Did you know?
Single-pole transformers use the burner chassis as the ground return path, while two-pole transformers have two high-voltage cables for a "floating" spark.